I collect dictionaries, convert them into CAT Scanner format, and post them here. To provide some sense of validity/reliability, I only include dictionaries that are published in manuscripts from peer-reviewed journals with a JCR impact factor of 1.00 or above. However, I do not do further assess validity/reliability, so please make sure to scrutinize each dictionary before use.

None of these measures are owned by ‘CAT Scanner’, they are owned by their creators. I always include the reference information for the originating manuscript in the dictionary itself. If you use one of these measures in your research, please ensure that you cite the originating manuscript and CAT Scanner separately. CAT Scanner for the tool, the originating manuscript for the measure.

Construct Source Literature Dictionary Links
Debt/Equity Focus Hoberg & Maksimovic (2015) Accounting & Finance All
Debt Focus
Equity Focus
Economic Value Orientation Moss et al. (2016) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Economic Value Orientation
Social Value Orientation - Environmental
Social Value Orientation - Social
Financial Constraints Bodnaruk et al. (2015) Accounting & Finance Financial Constraints
Financial Words Matsumoto et al. (2011) Accounting & Finance All
Financially-Oriented Words
Forward-Looking Words
Risk Disclosure Kravet & Muslu (2013) Accounting & Finance Risk Disclosure*
*Special note regarding usage in dictionary file
Construct Source Literature Dictionary Links
Ambidexterity Uotila et al. (2009) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Exploitation
Exploration
Ambidexterity Moss et al. (2014) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Exploitation
Exploration
Ambidexterity McKenny et al. (2018) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Exploitation
Exploration
Creativity (Cookbooks) Deichmann & Baer (2023) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Conventionality
Novelty
Creativity-Speak Haselhuhn et al. (2022) Management & Entrepreneurship Creativity-Speak
Nonconformity Hubbard et al. (2018) Management & Entrepreneurship Nonconformity
Digital Orientation Kindermann et al. (2020) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Architecture Configuration
Capabilities
Ecosystem Coordination
Technology Scope
Entrepreneurial Orientation Short et al. (2010) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Autonomy
Competitive Aggressiveness
Innovativeness
Proactiveness
Risk Taking
Inductive
Entrepreneurial Orientation McKenny, Aguinis, et al. (2018) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Autonomy
Competitive Aggressiveness
Innovativeness
Proactiveness
Risk Taking
Inductive
Entrepreneurial Orientation (High Tech Industries) McKenny, Short, et al. (2018) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Autonomy
Competitive Aggressiveness
Innovativeness
Proactiveness
Risk Taking
Investment Motivation (Corporate Venture Capital) Hoberg & Maksimovic (2015) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Strategic
Financial*
* Compatibility note in dictionary.
Management Innovation Heyden et al. (2018)*
*Note regarding source in dictionaries
Management & Entrepreneurship All
Change
Practices
Processes
Structures
Market Orientation Zachary et al. (2011) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Competitor Orientation
Customer Orientation
Interfunctional Coordination
Long-Term Focus
Profitability
Market Orientation McKenny et al. (2018) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Competitor Orientation
Customer Orientation
Interfunctional Coordination
Long-Term Focus
Profitability
Nonconformity Hubbard et al. (2018) Management & Entrepreneurship Nonconformity
Top Management Team Attention Levy (2005) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Board of Directors
Competitors*
Customer:General*
Customer:Computer*
Customer:Healthcare*
Customer:Semiconductor*
Dealers*
Employees
Foreign Operations: General*
Foreign Operations: Africa
Foreign Operations: Asia/Pacific
Foreign Operations: Europe
Foreign Operations: Latin America*
Foreign Operations: Middle East
Foreign Operations: North America
Owners
Strategic Partners*
Top Management*
* Compatibility note in dictionary.
Construct Source Literature Dictionary Links
Forward-Looking Words Matsumoto et al. (2011) Accounting & Finance All
Financially-Oriented Words
Forward-Looking Words
Long Term Orientation Brigham et al. (2014)*
*Note regarding source in dictionary
Management & Entrepreneurship All
Continuity
Futurity
Perseverance
Organizational Time Horizon Brochet et al. (2015) Accounting & Finance All
Neutral
Short Term
Long Term
Organizational Time Horizon DesJardine & Bansal (2019) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Short Term
Long Term
Construct Source Literature Dictionary Links
Motivated Social Cognition Neiman et al. (2016) Political Psychology All
Endorsement of Inequality
Resistance to Change
Threat
Uncertainty Avoidance
Parenting Styles Model Neiman et al. (2016) Political Psychology All
Empathy/Openness
Nurturant/Caregiving
Rules and Enforcement
Self Discipline
Regulatory Focus Gamache et al. (2014) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Prevention Focus
Promotion Focus
Regulatory Mode Kanze et al. (In Press) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Locomotion
Assessment
Construct Source Literature Dictionary Links
Corporate Social Responsibility Pencle & Mălăescu (2016) Accounting & Finance All
Employee
Environment
Human Rights
Social and Community
Integrated Thinking Dimes et al. (2023) Accounting & Finance All
Board
Strategy
Culture
Integrated Intelligence
Social Value Orientation Moss et al. (2016) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Economic Value Orientation
Social Value Orientation - Environmental
Social Value Orientation - Social
Strategic Social Value Orientation de la Cruz Jara et al. (2024) Management & Entrepreneurship All
Leading with Purpose
Support of Stakeholders
Focus on Consequences
Mutuality
Task Environment Olsen et al. (2016) Management & Entrepreneurship Stakeholder

These dictionaries are provided for free for non-commercial use only. The CAT Scanner tool may be used for commercial use with proper attribution, but individual dictionaries may require a separate license – please contact the dictionary creators for details.

Please feel free to:

  • Convert these dictionaries to other tools’ formats (e.g., LIWC, Diction) if you would like to use these in another tool.
  • Ask me to remove a dictionary you created or own.
  • Submit a dictionary you found or created and would like to share. A couple notes:
    • I welcome revisions of existing dictionaries (e.g., if you improve the measurement characteristics of existing dictionaries or adapt them to measurement in new contexts).
    • I would appreciate if you would submit the dictionaries to me in CAT Scanner format with the reference information included.
    • Providing reliability and validity statistics – where available – would be helpful.
    • It would also be helpful if you would give me a sense for how the dictionary should be categorized in the above hierarchy, so I do not accidentally put it in the wrong place.
    • I will only post dictionaries that are published in a peer-reviewed journal with an impact factor of 1.00 or higher – ‘accepted’, but not yet ‘in print’ is fine.
    • I will only post dictionaries for which the authors require only proper attribution (no charging non-commercial users for using your measure) 
    • I will not post proprietary dictionaries from other software packages unless the software owner has explicitly agreed to it (e.g., I will not post the LIWC-proprietary word lists)